Cough - another important factor in extubation readiness in critically ill patients

patients who fail weaning have impaired ability to convert neuromuscular activity into tidal ventilation, highlighting the eff ect of diaphragm weakness on weaning and extubation from mechanical ventilation. However, it is noteworthy that the insuffi cient cough strength greatly contributes to failed extubation in clinical practice as well, particularly in patients with acute cervical cord injury, or who have undergone major thoracic or abdominal surgery. Some intubated patients with inadequate cough strength can successfully pass the spontaneous breathing trial, but nevertheless might still experience extubation failure afterwards. It is diffi cult for them to clear secretions in airways due to the inability to cough, which leads to increased risk of atelectasis and respiratory infection. Weak cough can be attributable to expiratory muscle dysfunction, inspiratory muscle weakness, and so on; however, expiratory muscle function is crucial for eff ective cough [2]. Th e major expiratory muscles include the muscles of the anterolateral wall of the abdomen, the expiratory intercostal muscle, and the triangularis sterni [3]. Th e neuro-ventilatory effi ciency of these muscles, however, cannot be assessed by diaphragm electrical activity. Expiratory muscle strength became a focus of interest for estimating cough strength. Cough peak expiratory fl ow was used to evaluate cough refl ex, which was considered an indicator for predicting successful extubation of patients who pass a spontaneous breathing trial [4]. In summary, the mechanical ventilation withdrawal process relates not only to the inspiratory driving force driven predominantly by the diaphragm, but also to cough strength, which involves the expiratory muscles.